The Myanmar Stamp Act

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THE MYANMAR STAMP ACT. STAMP ACT. STAMP ACT.
( India Act II , ( India Act II ,1899) (1 1899) (1st July, 1899.) July, 1899.) July, 1899.)

As modified up to date.


WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law relating to Stamps : It is hereby enacted as follows : -

CHAPTER I.
Preliminary.

Application of Act.

 1. On and after the 1st April, 1941, Schedule I of India Act 11 of 1899, as in force in Myanmar on the 1st September 1935, shall have effect as Schedule I of this Act.


Definitions.

 2. In this Act, unless there is something repugnant in the subject or context, -

(1) “ Banker ” includes a bank and any person acting as a banker :

(2) “ Bill of exchange ” means a bill of exchange as defined by the Negotiable Instruments Act, and includes also a hundi, and any other document entitling or purporting to entitle any person, whether named therein or not, to payment by any other person of, or to draw upon any other person for, any sum of money:

(3) “ Bill of exchange payable on demand ” includes -

(a) an order for the payment of any sum of money by a bill of exchange or promissory note, or for the delivery of any bill of exchange or promissory note in satisfaction of any sum of money, or for the payment of any sum of money out of any particular fund which may or may not be available, or upon any condition or contingency which may or may not be performed or happen;

(b) an order for the payment of any sum of money weekly, monthly or at any other stated periods, and

(c) a letter of credit, that is to say, any instrument by which one person authorizes another to give credit to the person in whose favour it is drawn:

(4) “ Bill of lading ” includes a through bill of lading, but does not include a mate’s receipt :

(5) “ Bond ” includes -

(a) any instrument whereby a person obliges himself to pay money to another, on condition that the obligation shall be void if a specified act is performed, or is not performed, as the case may be;

(b) any instrument attested, by a witness and not payable to order or bearer, whereby a person obliges himself to pay money to another; and

(c) any instrument so attested, whereby a person obliges himself to deliver grain or other agricultural produce to another;

(6) “ Chargeable ” means, as applied to an instrument executed or first executed after the [ a ] the coming into operation of the constitution [a], chargeable under this Act, and as applied to any other instruments, chargeable under the law in force in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar when such instrument was executed or, where several persons executed the instrument at different times, first executed;

(7) “ Cheque ” means a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker and not expressed to be payable otherwise than on demand ;

(8) * * * *

(9) “Township Revenue Officer(Collector) ” includes any Revenue Officer and any Officer delegated by the Director General of the Internal Revenue Department.

(10) “ Conveyance ” includes a conveyance on sale and every instrument by which property, whether moveable or immovable is transferred inter vivos and which is not otherwise specifically provided for by Schedule I;

(11) “ Duly stamped, ” as applied to an instrument means that the instrument bears an adhesive or impressed stamp of not less than the proper amount and that such stamp has been affixed or used in accordance with the law for the time being in force in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar;

(12) “ Executed and execution ”used with reference to instruments, mean “signed” and “signature”;

(13) Impressed stamp includes –

(a) labels affixed and impressed by the proper officer , and

(b) stamps embossed or engraved on stamped paper ;

(14) “ Instrument ” includes every document by which any right or liability is, or purports to be, created , transferred , limited , extended, extinguished or recorded ;

(15) “ Instrument of partition ” means any instrument whereby co-owners of any property divide or agree to divide such property in severalty, and includes also a final order for effecting a partition passed by any revenue – authority or any civil Court and an award by an arbitrator directing a partition ;

(16) “ Lease ” means a lease of immovable property, and includes also –

(a) * * * * * *

(b) an undertaking in writing, not being a counterpart of a lease, to cultivate, occupy or pay or deliver rent for immovable property;

(c) any instrument by which tolls of any description are let;

(d) any writing on an application for a lease intended to signify that the application is granted;

(16A) “ Marketable Security ” means a security of such a description as to be capable of being sold in any stock market in India, in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

(17) “ Mortgage-deed” includes every instrument whereby , for the purpose of securing money advanced, or to be advanced, by way of loan, or an existing or future debt, or the performance of an engagement, one person transfers, or creates, to or in favour of another a right over or in respect of specified property;

(18) “Paper ” includes vellum, parchment or any other material on which an instrument may be written;

(19) “ Policy of insurance ”includes –

(a) any instrument by which one person, in consideration of a premium, engages to indemnify another against loss, damage or liability arising from an unknown or contingent event;

(b) a life – policy, and any policy insuring any person against accident or sickness, and any other personal insurance;

(20) “ Policy of sea-insurance or sea-policy ” -

(a) means any insurance made upon any ship or vessel (whether for marine or inland navigation), or upon the machinery, tackle or furniture of any ship or vessel, or upon any goods, merchandise or property of any description whatever on board of any ship or vessel or upon the freight of, or any other interest which may be lawfully insured in, or relating to , any ship or vessel; and

(b) includes any insurance of goods, merchandise or property for any transit which includes, not only a sea risk within the meaning of clause (a), but also any other risk incidental to the transit insured from the commencement of the transit to the ultimate destination covered by the insurance. Where any person, in consideration of any sum of money paid or to be paid for additional freight or otherwise, agrees to take upon himself any risk attending goods, merchandise or property of any description whatever while on board of any ship or vessel, or engages to indemnify the owner of any such goods, merchandise or property from any risk, loss or damage, such agreement or engagement shall be deemed to be a contract for sea-insurance;

(21) “Power-of-attorney ” includes any instrument (not chargeable with a fee under the law relating to Court-fees for the time being in force) empowering a specified person to act for and in the name of the person executing it;

(22) “ Promissory note ”means a promissory note as defined by the Negotiable Instruments Act; If also includes a note promising the payment of any sum of money out of any particular fund which may or may not be available, or upon any condition or contingency which may or may not be performed or happen;

(23) “ Receipt ” includes any note, memorandum or writing _

(a) whereby any money, or any bill of exchange, cheque or promissory note is acknowledged to have been received, or

(b) whereby any other moveable property is acknowledged to have been received in satisfaction of a debt, or

(c) whereby any debt or demand, or any part of debt or demand, is acknowledged to have been satisfied or discharged, or

(d) which signifies or imports any such acknowledgment, and whether the same is or is not signed with the name of any person ;

(24) “ Settlement ” means any non – testamentary disposition in writing, of moveable or immoveable property, made—

(a) in consideration of marriage,

(b) for the purpose of distributing property of the settler among his family or those for whom he desires to provide, or for the purpose of providing for some person dependent on him, or

(c) for any religious or charitable purpose; and includes an agreement in writing to make such a disposition [ and, where any such disposition has not been made in writing, any instrument recording, whether by way of declaration of trust or otherwise, the terms of any such disposition]: and

(25) “ Soldier ” includes any person below the rank of noncommissioned officer who is enrolled under [a] the Myanmar Army Act [a].

CHAPTER II
Stamp – duties.

A--- Of the Liability of Instruments to Duty.

Instruments chargeable with duty 

3. Subject to the provisions of this Act and the exemptions contained in Schedule I, the following instruments shall be chargeable with duty of the amount indicated in that schedule as the proper duty therefore respectively, that is to say, _

(a) every instrument mentioned in that schedule which, not having been previously executed by any person, is executed in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar on or after the first day of July1899 ;

(b) every bill of exchange [ payable otherwise than on demands] or promissory note drawn or made out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar on or after that day and accepted or paid, or presented for acceptance or payment, or endorsed, transferred or otherwise negotiated, in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and

(c) every instrument (other than a bill of exchange or promissory note) mentioned in that schedule, which, not having been previously executed by any person, is executed out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar on or after that day, relates to any property situate, or to any matter or thing done or to be done, in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and is received in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar:

Provided that no duty shall be chargeable in respect of —

(1) any instrument executed by, or on behalf of, or in favour of, the Government in cases where, but for this exemption, the Government would be liable to pay the duty chargeable in respect of such instrument;

(2) any instrument for the sale, transfer or other disposition, either absolutely or by way of mortgage or otherwise, of any ship or vessel, or any part, interest, share or property of or in any ship or vessel registered under the Registration of Ships Act as amended by subsequent Acts.


Collector & transfer of increased stamp duties. 

*3-A.(1) Stamp duties charged by Articles 23, 33 and 40(a) respectively of Schedule I annexed to this Act shall, in the case of instruments affecting immovable property situated where soever in the whole of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, other than the Nay Pyi Taw Development territory, the City of Yangon Development territory and the City of Mandalay Development territory, be increased by an additional stamp duty of 2 per centum for a consideration equal to the market-value of the property so situated.

(2) The Ministry of Finance of the Union Government shall in accord with law deposit the increased stamp duties to the Union Fund. The Ministry of Finance of the Union Government shall there after pay the increased stamp duties to the Township Development Funds in a prescribed manner in accordance with law.


57&58 Vict.C,60. Several instruments used in single transaction of sale mortgage or settlement.

4 (1) Where, in the case of any sale, mortgage or settlement, several instruments are employed for completing the transaction, the principal instrument only shall be chargeable with the duty prescribed in Schedule I for the conveyance mortgage or settlement, and each of the other instruments shall be chargeable, with a duty of one hundred Kyat instead of the duty (if any) prescribed for it in that schedule.

(2) The parties may determine for themselves which of the instruments so employed shall, for the purposes of sub- section (1) , be deemed to be the principal instrument:

Provided that the duty chargeable on the instrument so determined shall be the highest duty which would be chargeable in respect of any of the said instruments employed.

 
Instruments relating to several distinct matters.

5. Any instrument comprising or relating to several distinct matters shall be chargeable with the aggregate amount of the duties with which separate instruments, each comprising or relating to one of such matters, would bechargeable under this Act.

* Inserted by the Myanmar Stamp (Amendment) Act, 2014.


Instruments co mining within several descriptions in Schedule I.

6. Subject to the provisions of the last preceding section, an instrument so framed as to come within two or more of the descriptions in Schedule I shall, where the duties chargeable thereunder are different, be chargeable only with the highest of such duties: Provided that nothing in this Act contained shall render chargeable with duty exceeding one hundred kyat a counterpart or duplicate of any instrument chargeable with duty and in respect of which the proper duty has been paid,

 6A. * * * * *


57& 58 Vict.,C.60. Policies of Sea Insurance.

7.(1) No contract for sea- insurance (other than such insurance as is referred to in section 506 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1894) shall be valid unless the same is expressed in a sea- policy.

(2) No sea-policy made for time shall be made for any time exceeding twelve months.

(3) No sea-policy shall be valid unless it specifies the particular risk or adventure, or the time, for which it is made, the names of the subscribers or underwriters, and the amount or amount insured.

(4) Where any sea – insurance is made for or upon a voyage and also for time, or to extend to or cover any time beyond thirty days after the ship shall have arrived at her destination and been there moored at anchor, the policy shall be charged with duty as a policy for or upon a voyage, and also with duty as a policy for time.


Bonds, debentures or other securities issued or loans under the Local Authorities Loans Acts.

8. (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, any local authority raising a loan under the provision of the Local Authorities Loans Act or of any other law for the time being in force, by the issue of bonds, debentures or other securities, shall, in respect of such loan, be chargeable with a duty of one per centum on the total amount of the bonds, debentures or other securities issued by it, and such bonds, debentures or other securities need not be stamped, and shall not be chargeable with any further duty on renewal, consolidation, subdivision or otherwise.

(2) The provisions of sub-section (I) exempting certain bonds, debentures or other securities from being stamped and from being chargeable with certain further duty, shall apply to the bonds, debentures or other securities of all outstanding loans of the kind mentioned therein, and all such bonds, debentures or other securities shall be valid, whether the same are stamped or not.

(3) In the case of willful neglect to pay the duty required by this section, the local authority shall be liable to forfeit to the Government a sum equal to ten per centum upon the amount of duty payable, and a like penalty for every month after the first month during which the neglect continues.


Power to reduce, remit, or compound duties.

* 9. The Ministry of Finance may with the approval of the Union Government , by rule or order published in the Gazette, _

(a) reduce or remit, whether prospectively or retrospectively, in the whole or any part of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, the duties with which any instruments or any particular class of instruments, or any of the instruments belonging to such class, or any instruments when executed by or in favour of any particular class of persons, or by or in favour of any members of such class, are chargeable, and

(b) Deleted.*

(c) provide for the composition or consolidation of duties in the case of issues by any incorporated company or other body corporate of debentures, bonds or other marketable securities.

* Deleted by the Myanmar Stamp (Amendment) Act, 2014.


B,_ Of Stamps and the mode of using them.

Duties how to be paid.

10.(1) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, all duties with which any instruments are chargeable shall be paid, and such payment shall be indicated on such instruments, by means of stamps _

(a) according to the provisions herein contained; or

(b) when no such provisions is applicable thereto – as the Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government by rule direct .

(2)The rules made under sub-section (1) may, among other matters, regulate, _

(a) in the case of each kind of instrument _ the description of stamps which may be used ;

(b) in the case of instruments stamped with impressed stamps the number of stamps which may be used ;

(c) in the case of bills of exchange or promissory notes written in any Oriental language – the size of the paper on which they are written.


Use of adhesive stamps.

11. The following instruments may be stamped with adhesive stamps, namely : -

(a) instruments chargeable with the duty of ten kyat, except parts of bills of exchange payable otherwise than on demand and drawn in sets;

(b) bills of exchange and promissory notes drawn or made out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar;

(c) entry as an advocate on the roll of the Supreme Court of the Union;

(d) notarial acts; and

(e) transfers by endorsement of shares in any incorporated company or other body corporate.


Cancellation of adhesive stamps.

12.(1)(a) Whoever affixes any adhesive stamp to any instrument chargeable with duty which has been executed by any person shall, when affixing such stamp, cancel the same so that it cannot be used again;

(b) Whoever executes any instrument on any paper bearing an adhesive stamp shall, at the time of execution, unless such stamp has been already cancelled in manner aforesaid, cancel the same so that it cannot be used again.

(2) Any instrument bearing an adhesive stamp which has not been cancelled so that it cannot be used again, shall, so far as such stamp is concerned, be deemed to be unstamped.

(3) The person required by sub- section (I) to cancel an adhesive stamp may cancel it by writing on or across the stamp his name or initials or the name or initials of his firm with the true date of his so writing, or in any other effectual manner.


Instruments stamped with impressed stamps how to be written.

 13. Every instrument written upon paper stamped with an impressed stamp shall be written in such manner that the stamp may appear on the face of the instrument and cannot be used for or applied to any other instrument.

 
Only one instrument to be on same stamp.

14. No second instrument chargeable with duty shall be written upon a piece of stamped paper upon which an instrument chargeable with duty has already been written:

Provided that nothing in this section shall prevent any endorsement which Is duly stamped or is not chargeable with duty being made upon any instrument for the purpose of transferring any right created or evidenced thereby, or of acknowledging the receipt of any money or goods the payment or delivery of which is secured thereby.

 
Instrument written contrary to section13 or 14 deemed unstamped.

15. Every instrument written in contravention of section 13 or section 14 shall be deemed to be unstamped.


Denoting duty.

16. Where the duty with which an instrument is chargeable, or its exemption from duty, depends in any manner upon the duty actually paid in respect of another instrument, the payment of such last- mentioned duty shall, if application is made in writing to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) for that purpose, and on production of both the instruments, be denoted upon such first– mentioned instrument, by endorsement under the hand of the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) or in such other manner (if any) as the Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government by rule prescribe.


C –Of the time of stamping Instrument Of the time of stamping Instrument Of the time of stamping Instruments.

Instruments executed in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. 

17. All instruments chargeable with duty an executed by any person in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , shall be stamped before or at the time of execution.


Instruments other than bills and note executed out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

18.(1) Every instrument chargeable with duty executed only out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, and not being a bill of exchange or promissory note, may be stamped within three months after it has been first received in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

(2) Where any such instrument cannot, with reference to the description of stamp prescribed therefore, be duly stamped by a private person, it may be taken within the said period of three months to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector), who shall stamp the same, in such manner as the Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government by rule prescribe, with a stamp of such value as the person so taking such instrument may require and pay for.


Bills and notes drawn out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

19. The first holder in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar of any bill of exchange [ payable otherwise than on demand] or promissory note drawn or made out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar shall, before he presents the same for acceptance or payment, or endorses, transfers or otherwise negotiates the same in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , affix thereto the proper stamp and cancel the same:

provided that, -

(a) if, at the time any such bill of exchange or note comes into the hands of any holder thereof in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, the proper adhesive stamp is affixed thereto and cancelled in manner prescribed by section 12 and such holder has no reason to believe that such stamp was affixed or cancelled otherwise than by the person and at the time required by this Act, such stamp shall, so far as relates to such holder, be deemed to have been duly affixed and cancelled;

(b) nothing contained in this proviso shall relieve any person from any penalty incurred by him for omitting to affix or cancel a stamp.


D,---Of Valuations for Duty.

Conversion off amount expressed in foreign currencies.

*20. (1) Where an instrument is chargeable with ad valorem duty in respect of any money expressed in any currency other than that of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, such duty shall be calculated on the value of such money, in the currency of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar according to the current rate of exchange on the day of the date of the instrument.

* Substituted by the Myanmar Stamp (Amendment) Act, 2014.

(2) The Current rate of exchange mentioned in the foregoing subsection shall be the Daily Reference Rate announced by the Central Bank of Myanmar at the day of the date of the instrument.


Stock and marketable securities how to be valued.

21. Where an instrument is chargeable with 21. ad valorem duty in respect of any stock or of any marketable or other security, such duty shall be calculated on the value of such stock or security according to the average price or the value thereof on the day of the date of the instrument.

 
Effect of statement of rate of exchange average price.

22. Where an instrument contains a statement of current-rate of exchange, or average price, as the case may require, and is stamped in accordance with such statement, it shall, so far as regards the subject –matter of such statement, be presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be duly stamped.


Instruments reserving interest.

23. Where interest is expressly made payable by the terms of an instrument, such instrument shall not be chargeable with duty higher than that with which it would have been chargeable had no mention of interest been made therein.


Certain instruments connected with mortgages of marketable securities to be chargeable as agreements.

23A. (1) Where an instrument (not being a promissor 23A. y note or bill of exchange) —

(a) is given upon the occasion of the deposit of any marketable security by way of security for money advanced or to be advanced by way of loan, or for an existing or future debt; or

(b) makes redeemable or qualifies a duly stamped transfer, intended as a security, of any marketable security, it shall be chargeable with duty as if it were an agreement or memorandum of an agreement chargeable with duty under Article No.5(c) of Schedule I.

(2) A release or discharge of any such instrument shall only be chargeable with the like duty.


How transfer in consideration of debt, or subject to future payment , etc., to be charged.

 24. Where any property is transferred to any person in consideration, wholly or in part, of any debt due to him, or subject either certainly or contingently to the payment or transfer of any money or stock, whether being or constituting a charge or encumbrance upon the property or not, such debt, money or stock is to be deemed the whole or part, as the case may be, of the consideration in respect whereof the transfer is chargeable with ad valorem duty:

 Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to any such certificate of sale as is mentioned in Article No, 18 of Schedule I.

Explanation. _ in the case of a sale of property subject to a mortgage or other encumbrance, any unpaid mortgage money or money charged, together with the interest (if any) due on the same, shall be deemed to be part of the consideration for the sale:

Provided that, where property subject to a mortgage is transferred to the mortgage, he shall be entitled to deduct from the duty payable on the transfer the amount of any duty already paid in respect of the mortgage.

Illustrations.

(1) A owes B 1,000 kyat, A sells a property to B, the consideration being 500 kyat and the release of the previous debt of 1,000 kyat. Stamp – duty is payable on 1,500 kyat.

(2) A sells a property to B for 500 kyat which is subject to a mortgage to C for 1,000 kyat and unpaid interest 200 kyat, Stamp-duty is payable on 1,700 kyat.

(3) A mortgages a house of the value of 10,000 kyat to B for 5,000 kyat. B after-wards buys the house from A. Stamp-duty is payable on 10,000 kyat less the amount of Stamp-duty already paid for the mortgage.


Valuation in case of annuity etc.

 25. Where an instrument is executed to secure the payment of an annuity or other sum payable periodically, or where the consideration for a conveyance is an annuity or other sum payable periodically, the amount secured by such instrument or the consideration for such conveyance, as the case may be, shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be, ---

(a) where the sum is payable for a definite period so that the total amount to be paid can be previously ascertained _ such total amount;

(b) where the sum is payable in perpetuity or for an indefinite time not terminable with any life in being at the date of such instrument or conveyance—the total amount which, according to the terms of such instrument or conveyance, will or may be payable during the period of twenty years calculated from the date on which the first payment becomes due ; and

(c) where the sum is payable for an indefinite time terminable with any life in being at the date of such instrument or conveyance _the maximum amount which will or may be payable as aforesaid during the period of twelve years calculated from the date on which the first payment becomes due.


Stamp where value of subject matter is indeterminate.

 26. Where the amount or value of the subject-matter of any instrument chargeable with ad valorem duty cannot be , ascertained at the date of its execution or first execution , nothing shall be claimable under such instrument more than the highest amount or value for which, if stated in an instrument of the same description, the stamp actually used would, at the date of such execution, have been sufficient :

 Provided that, in the case of the lease of a mine in which royalty or a share of the produce is received as the rent or part of the rent, it shall be sufficient to have estimated such royalty or the value of such share, for the purpose of stamp-duty,-

(a) when the lease has been granted by or on behalf of the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, at such amount or value as the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) may, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, have estimated as likely to be payable by way of royalty or share to the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar under the lease, or,

(b) when the lease has been granted by any other person , at twenty thousand kyat a year; and the whole amount of such royalty or share, whatever it may be, shall be claimable under such lease:

Provided also that, where proceedings have been taken in respect or an instrument under section 3 I or 4 I , the amount certified by the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) shall be deemed to be the stamp actually used at the date of execution.

 
Facts affecting duty to be set forth in instrument.

27. The consideration (if any) and all other facts and circumstances affecting the chargeability of any instrument with duty, or the amount of the duty with which it is chargeable, shall be fully and truly set forth therein.

 
Direction as to duty in case of certain conveyances.

28. (1) Where any property has been contracted to be ) sold for one consideration for the whole, and is conveyed to the purchaser in separate parts by different instruments, the consideration shall be apportioned in such manner as the parties think fit, provided that a distinct consideration for each separate part is set forth in the conveyance relating thereto, and such conveyance shall be chargeable with ad valorem duty in respect of such distinct consideration.

(2) Where property contracted to be purchased for one consideration for the whole, by two or more persons jointly, or by any person for himself and others, or wholly for others, is conveyed in parts by separate instruments to the persons by or for whom the same was purchased, for distinct parts of the consideration, the conveyance of each separate part shall be chargeable with ad valorem duty in respect of the distinct part of the consideration therein specified.

(3) Where a person, having contracted for the purchase of any property but not having obtained a conveyance thereof, contracts to sell the same to any other person and the property is in consequence conveyed immediately to the sub-purchaser, the conveyance shall be chargeable with ad valorem duty in respect of the consideration for the sale by the original purchasers to the sub-purchaser.

(4) Where a person, having contracted for the purchase of any property but not having obtained a conveyance thereof, contracts to sell the whole, or any part thereof, to any other person or persons and the property is in consequence conveyed by the original seller to different persons in parts the conveyance of each part sold to a sub-purchaser shall be charged with ad valorem duty in respect only of the consideration paid by such sub-purchaser, without regard to the amount or value of the original consideration; and the conveyance of the residue (if any) of such property to the original purchaser shall be chargeable with ad valorem duty in respect only of the excess of the original consideration over the aggregate of the considerations paid by the sub-purchaser:

Provided that the duty on such last-mentioned conveyance shall in no case be less than one hundred kyat.

(5) Where a sub-purchaser takes an actual conveyance of the interest of the person immediately selling to him, which is chargeable with ad valorem duty in respect of the consideration paid by him and is duly stamped accordingly, any conveyance to be afterwards made to him of the same property by the original seller shall be chargeable with a duty equal to that which would be chargeable on a conveyance for the consideration obtained by such original seller, or, where such duty would exceed five hundred kyat, with a duty of five hundred kyat.


E.----- Duty by whom payable.

Duties by whom payable.

29. In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, the expense of providing the proper stamp shall be borne –

(a) in the case of any instrument described in any of the following Articles of Schedule I, namely; -

No, 2 (Administration Bond),

[No, 6 (Agreement relating to deposite of Title – deeds , Pawn of Pledge ),]

No,13 (Bill of Exchange),

No, 15 (Bond),

No, 16 (Bottomry Bond),

No. 26 (Customs Bond),

No, 27 (Debenture),

No. 32 (further Charge),

No, 34 (Indemnity- Bond),

No. 40 (Mortgage-Deed),

No. 49 (Promissory – Note),

No. 55 (Release),

No. 56 (Respondentia Bond),

No . 57 (Security Bond of Mortgage – Deed)

No. 58 ( Settlement ),

No. 62 (a) (Transfer of shares in an incorporated company or other body corporate),

No. 62 (b) ( Transfer of debentures, being marketable securities, whether the debenture is liable to duty or not, except debentures provided for by section8),

No. 62 (c) (Transfer of any interest secured by a bond, mortgage- deed or policy of insurance ), – by the person drawing, making or executing such instrument:

(b) in the case of a policy of insurance other than fire – insurance – by the person effecting the insurance ;

(bb) in the case of a policy of fire –insurance— by the person issuing the policy;

(c) in the case of a conveyance ( including a re-conveyance of mortgaged property )- by the grantee; in the case of a lease or agreement to lease _ by the lessee or intended lessee;

(d) in the case of a counterpart of a lease _ by the lessor ;

(e) in the case of an instrument of exchange – by the parties in equal shares;

(f) in the case of a certificate of sale – by the purchaser of the property to which such certificate relates; and

(g) in the case of an instrument of partition – by the parties thereto in proportion to their respective shares in the whole property partitioned, or, when the partition is made in executing of an order passed by a Revenue - authority or civil Court or arbitrator, in such proportion as such authority, Court or arbitrator directs.


Obligation to give receipt in certain cases.

30. Any person receiving any money exceeding five thousand kyat in amount , or any bill of exchange, cheque or promissory note for an amount exceeding five thousand kyat, or receiving in satisfaction or part satisfaction of a debt any movable property exceeding five thousand kyat in value, shall, on demand by the person paying or delivering such money, bill, cheque, note or property, give a duly stamped receipt for the same.

*[ Any person receiving or taking credit for any pr * emium or consideration for any renewal of any contract of fire-insurance shall, within one month after receiving or taking credit for such premium or consideration, give a duly stamped receipt for the same.

CHAPTER III.
Adjudication as to Stamps. Adjudication as to Stamps.

Adjudication as to proper stamp. 

31.(1) When any instrument, whether executed or not and whether previously stamped or not, is brought to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector), and the person bringing it applies to have the opinion of that officer as to the duty (if any) with which it is chargeable, and pays a fee of such amount (not exceeding five hundred Kyat and not less than fifty kyat)as the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) may in each case direct, the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) shall determine the duty (if any) with which, in his judgment, the instrument is chargeable.

(2) For this purpose the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) may require to be furnished with an abstract of the Instrument, and also with such affidavit or other evidence as he may deem necessary to prove that all the facts and circumstances affecting the chargeability of the instrument with duty, or the amount of the duty with which it is chargeable, are fully and truly set forth therein, and may refuse to proceed upon any such application until such abstract and evidence have been furnished accordingly:

Provided that _

(a) no evidence furnished in pursuance of this section shall be used against any person in any civil proceeding, except in an enquiry as to the duty with which the instrument to which it relates is chargeable; and

(b) every person by whom any such evidence is furnished shall, on payment of the full duty with which the instrument to which it relates is chargeable, be relieved from any penalty which he may have incurred under this Act by reason of the omission to state truly in such instrument any of the facts or circumstances aforesaid.

32.(1) When an instrument brought to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector)under section 31 is, in his opinion, one of the description chargeable with duty, and-

(a) The Township Revenue Officer (Collector) determines that it is already fully stamped, or

(b) the duty determined by the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) under section 31 or such a sum as, with the duty already paid in respect of the instrument, is equal to the duty so determined, has been paid , the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) shall certify by endorsement on such instrument that the full duty (stating the amount) with which it is chargeable has been paid.

(2) When such instrument is , in his opinion, not chargeable with duty, the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) shall certify in manner aforesaid that such instrument is not so chargeable .

(3) Any instrument upon which an endorsement has been made under this section shall be deemed to be duly stamped or not chargeable with duty, as the case may be; and, if chargeable with duty, shall be receivable in evidence or otherwise, and may be acted upon and registered as if it had been originally duly stamped:

Provided that nothing in this section shall authorize the Township Revenue Officer (Collector ) to endorse _

(a) any instrument executed or first executed in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and brought to him after the expiration of one month from the date of its execution or first execution, as the case may be;

(b) any instrument executed or first executed out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and brought to him after the expiration of three months after it has been first received in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar ; or

(c) any instrument chargeable with the duty of ten Kyat or, any bill of exchange or promissory note, when brought to him after the execution or drawing thereof on paper not duly stamped.

CHAPTER IV.
Instrument not duly stamped.

Examination and impounding of instruments.

33. (1) Every person having by law or consent of parties authority to receive evidence, and every and person in charge of a public office, except an officer of police, before whom any instrument chargeable, in his opinion, with duty is produced or comes in the performance of his functions, shall, if it appears to him that such instrument is not duly stamped, impound, the same.

 (2) For that purpose every such person shall examine every instrument so chargeable and so produced or coming before him in order to ascertain whether it is stamped with a stamp of the value and description required by the law in force in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar when such instrument was executed or first executed;

Provided that –

(a) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to require any Magistrate or Judge of a Criminal Court to examine or impound, if he does not think fit so to do, any instrument coming before him in the course of any proceeding other than a proceeding under Chapter XII or Chapter XXXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure:

(b) in the case of a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union, the duty of examining and impounding any instrument under this section may be delegated to such officer as the Court appoints in this behalf.

(3) For the purposes of this section in cases of doubt, _

(a) the Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government determine what offices shall be deemed to be public offices, and

(b) the Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government determine who shall be deemed to be persons in charge of public offices.


Special provision as to unstamped receipts.

34. Where any receipt chargeable with a duty of ten kyat is tendered to or produced before any officer unstamped in the course of the audit of any public account, such officer may in his discretion, instead of impounding the instrument, require a duly stamped receipt to be substituted therefor.

Instruments not duly stamped inadmissible in evidence, etc.

35. No instrument chargeable with duty shall be admitted in evidence for any purpose by any person having by law or consent of parties authority to receive evidence, or shall be acted upon, registered or authenticated by any such person or by any public officer, unless such instrument is duly stamped:

Provided that _

(a) any such instrument not being an instrument chargeable with a duty of ten kyat only , or a bill of exchange or promissory note, shall, subject to all just exception, be admitted in evidence on payment of the duty with which the same is chargeable or, in the case of an instrument insufficiently stamped or the amount required to make up such duty, together with a penalty of five hundred kyat or , when ten times the amount of the proper duty or deficient portion thereof exceeds five hundred kyat , of a sum equal to ten times such duty or portion;

(b) where any person from whom a stamped receipt could have been demanded has given an unstamped receipt and such receipt, if stamped, would be admissible in evidence against him, then such receipt shall be admitted in evidence against him on payment of a penalty of one hundred kyat by the person tendering it ;

(c) where a contract or agreement of any kind is effected by correspondence consisting of two or more letters and any one of the letters bears the proper stamp, the contract or agreement shall be deemed to be duly stamped;

(d) nothing herein contained shall prevent the admission of any instrument in evidence in any proceeding in a criminal Court, other than a proceeding under Chapter XII or Chapter XXXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure;

(e) nothing herein contained shall prevent the admission of any instrument in any Court when such instrument has been executed by or on behalf of the Government, or where it bears the certificate of the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) as provided by section 32 or any other provision of this Act.

 
Admission of instrument where not to be questioned.

36. Where an instrument has been admitted in evidence, such admission shall not, except as provided in section 61, be called in question at any stage of the same suit or proceeding on the ground that the instrument has not been duly stamped.


Admission of improperly stamped instruments.

37. The Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government make rules providing that, where an instrument bears a stamp of sufficient amount but of improper description, it may, on payment of the duty with which the same is chargeable, be certified to be duly stamped and any instrument so certified shall then be deemed to have been duly stamped as from the date of its execution.


Collector’s power to refund penalty paid under section 38, subsection(1).

38. (1) When the person impounding an instrument under section 33 has by law or consent of parties authority to receive evidence and admits such instrument in evidence upon payment of a penalty as provided by section 35 or of duty as provided by section 37, he shall send to the Township Revenue Officer(Collector)an authenticated copy of such instrument, together with a certificate in writing, stating the amount of duty and penalty levied in respect thereof, and shall send such amount to the Township Revenue Officer(Collector), or to such person as he may appoint in his behalf.

(2) In every other case, the person so impounding an instrument shall send it in original to the Township Revenue Officer(Collector).


Collector’s power to stamp instruments impounded.

39. (1) When a copy of an instrument is sent to the Township Revenue Officer ( Collector ) under section 38, sub-section(1), he may, if he thinks fit, refund any portion of the penalty in excess of five hundred kyat which has been paid in respect of such instrument.

(2) When such instrument has been impounded only because it has been written in contravention of section 13 or section 14 , the Township Revenue Officer ( Collector ) may refund the whole penalty so paid.


Instruments impounded how dealt with.

40. (1) When the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) impounds any instrument under section 33, or receives any instrument sent to him under section 38, sub-section (2), not being an instrument chargeable with a duty of ten kyat only, or a bill of exchange or promissory note, he shall adopt the following procedure _

(a) if he is of opinion that such instrument is duly stamped or is not chargeable with duty, he shall certify by endorsement thereon that it is duly stamped, or that it is not so chargeable, as the case my be;

(b) if he is of opinion that such instrument is chargeable with duty and is not duly stamped, he shall require the payment of the proper duty or the amount required to make up the same, together with a penalty of five hundred kyat; or, if he thinks fit, an amount not exceeding ten times the amount of the proper duty or of the deficient portion thereof, whether such amount exceeds or falls short of five hundred kyat :

Provided that, when such instrument has been impounded only because it has been written in contravention of section 13 or section 14, the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) may, if he thinks fit, remit the whole penalty prescribed by this section.

(2) Every certificate under clause (a) of sub-section (1) shall, for the purposes of this Act, be conclusive evidence of the matters stated therein.

(3) Where an instrument has been sent to the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) under section 38, sub-section (2), the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) shall, when he has dealt with it as provided by this section, return it to the impounding officer.

 
Instruments unduly stamped by accident.

41. If any instrument chargeable with duty and not duly stamped, not being an instrument chargeable with a duty of ten kyat only or a bill of exchange or promissory note, is produced by any person of his own motion before the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) within one year from the date of its execution or first execution, and such person brings to the notice of the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) the fact that such instrument is not duly stamped and officer to pay to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) the amount of the proper duty, or the amount required to make up the same, and the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) is satisfied that the omission to duly stamp such instrument has been occasioned by accident, mistake or urgent necessity, he may, instead of proceeding under sections 33 and 40, receive such amount and proceed as next hereinafter prescribed.


Prosecution for offence against stamp-law.

42. (1) When the duty and penalty(if any) leviable i 42. n respect of any instrument have been paid under section 35, section 40 or section 41, the person admitting such instrument in evidence or the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) , as the case may be, shall certify by endorsement thereon that the proper duty or, as the case may be, the proper duty and penalty (stating the amount of each) have been levied in respect thereof, and the name and residence of the person paying them.

(2) Every instrument so endorsed shall thereupon be admissible in evidence, and may be registered and acted upon and authenticated as if it had been duly stamped, and shall be delivered on his application in this behalf to the person from whose possession it came into the hands of the officer impounding it , or as such person may direct:

Provided that _

(a) no instrument which has been admitted in evidence upon payment of duty and penalty under section 35 shall be so delivered before the expiration of one month from the date of such impounding, of if the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) has certified that its further detention is necessary and has not cancelled such certificate;

(b) nothing in this section shall affect the Code of Civil Procedure, Order XIII, Rule 9.

Endorsement on instrument on which duty has been paid under section 35, 40 or 41. 

43. The taking of proceedings or the payments of a penalty under this Chapter in respect of any instrument shall not bar the prosecution of any person who appear to have committed an offence against the stamp – law in respect of such instrument:

Provided that no such prosecution shall be instituted in the case of any instrument in respect of which such a penalty has been paid, unless it appears to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) that the offence was committed with an intention of evading payment of the proper duty.


Persons paying duty or penalty may recover same in certain cases.

44. (1) When any duty or penalty has been paid under section 35, section 37, section 40, or section 41 any person in respect of an instrument, and by agreement or under the provisions of section 29 or any other enactment in force at the time such instrument was executed, some other person was bound to bear the expense of providing the proper stamp for such instrument, the first mentioned person shall be entitled to recover from such other person the amount of the duty or penalty so paid.

(2) For the purpose of such recovery any certificate granted in respect of such instrument under this Act shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein certified.

(3) Such amount may, if the Court thinks fit be included in any order as to costs in any suit or proceeding to which such persons are parties and in which such instrument has been tendered in evidence. If the Court does not include the amount in such order, no further proceedings for the recovery of the amount shall be maintainable.


Power to Director General of Internal Revenue Department to refund penalty or excess duty in certain cases.

45. (1) When any penalty is paid under section 35 or section 40, the Director General of Internal Revenue Department may, upon application in writing made within one year from the date of the payment, refund such penalty wholly or in part.

(2) Where in, the opinion of the Director General of Internal Revenue Department stamp-duty in excess of that which is legally chargeable has been charged and paid under section 35 or section 40, such authority may, upon application in writing made within three months of the order charging the same refund the excess.


Non –liability for loss of instrument sent under section 38.

46.(1) if any instrument sent to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) under section 38, sub-section (2), is lost, destroyed or damaged during transmission, the person sending the same shall not be liable for such loss, destructions or damage.

(2) When any instrument is about to be so sent, the person from whose possession it came into the hands of the person impounding the same, may require a copy thereof to be made at the expense of such first mentioned person and authenticated by the person impounding such instrument.


Power of payer to stamp bill and promissory notes received by him unstamped.

47. When any bill of exchange or promissory note chargeable with the duty for ten kyat is presented for payment unstamped, the person to whom it is presented may affix thereto the necessary adhesive stamp and, upon cancelling the same in manner hereinbefore provided, may pay the sum payable upon such bill or note, and may charge the duty against the person who ought to have paid the same, or deduct it from the sum payable as aforesaid, and such bill or note shall, so far as respects the duty,be deemed good and valid:

Provided that nothing herein contained shall relieve any person from any penalty or proceeding to which he may be liable in relation to such bill or note.


Recovery of duties and penalties.

48. All duties, penalties and other sums required to be paid under this Chapter may be recovered by the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) by distress and sale of the moveable property of the person from whom the same are due, or by any other process for the time being in force for the recovery of arrears of land revenue.

 48A. * * * * * * *

CHAPTER V.
Allowances for stamps in certain cases.

Allowances for spoiled stamps.

 49. Subject to such rules as may be made by the Ministry of Finance of the Union Government, with the approval of the Union Government as to the evidence to be required, or the enquiry to be made, the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) may, on application made within the period prescribed in section50, and if he is satisfied as to the facts, make allowance for impressed stamps spoiled in the cases hereinafter mentioned, namely _

(a) the stamp on any paper inadvertently and undesignedly spoiled, obliterated or by error in writing or any other means rendered unfit for the purpose intended before any instrument written thereon is executed by any person;

(b) the stamp on any document which is written out wholly or in part, but which is no signed or executed by any party thereto;

(c) in the case of bills of exchange, payable otherwise than on demand or promissory notes-

(1) the stamp on any such bill of exchange signed by or on behalf of the drawer which has not been accepted or made use of in any manner whatever or delivered out of his hands for any purpose other than by way of tender for acceptance: 

provided that the paper on which any such stamp is impressed does not bear any signature intended as or for the acceptance of any bill of exchange to be afterwards written thereon;

(2) the stamp on any promissory note signed by or on behalf of the maker which has not been made use of in any manner whatever or delivered out of his hands;

(3) the stamp used or intended to be used for any such bill of exchange or promissory note signed by, or on behalf of, the drawer thereof, but which from any omission or error has been spoiled or rendered useless, although the same, being a bill of exchange, may have been presented for acceptance or accepted or endorsed, or, being a promissory note, may have been delivered to the payee: provided that another completed and duly stamped bill of exchange or promissory note is produced identical in every particular, except in the correction of such omission or error as a fore said, with the spoiled bill or note;

(d) the stamp used for an instrument executed by any party thereto which_

(1) has been afterwards found to be absolutely void in law from the beginning:

(2) has been afterwards found unfit, by reason of any error or mistake therein, for the purpose originally intended;

(3) by reason of the death of any person by whom it is necessary that it should be executed, without having executed the same, or of the refusal of any such person to execute the same, cannot be completed so as to effect the intended transaction in the form proposed;

(4) for want of the execution thereof by some material party, and his inability or refusal to sign the same, is in fact incomplete and insufficient for the purpose for which it was intended;

(5) by reason of the refusal of any person to act under the same, or to advance any money intended to be thereby secured, or by the refusal or non-acceptance of any office thereby granted, totally fails of the intended purpose;

(6) becomes useless in consequence of the transaction intended to be thereby effected being effected by some other instrument between the same parties and bearing a stamp of not less value;

(7) is deficient in value and the transaction intended to be thereby effected has been effected by some other instrument between the same parties and bearing a stamp of not less value;

(8) is inadvertently and undesignedly spoiled, and in lieu whereof another instrument made between the same parties and for the same purpose is executed and duly stamped:

Provided that, in the case of an executed instrument, no legal proceeding has been commenced in which the instrument could or would have been given or offered in evidence and that the instrument is given up to be cancelled.

Explanation._ The certificate of the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) under section 32 that the full duty with which an instrument is chargeable has been paid is an impressed stamp within the meaning of this section.


Application for relief under section 49 when to be made.

50. The application for relief under section 49 shall be made within the following periods, that is to say, _

(1) in the cases mentioned in clause (d) (5), within two months of the date of the instrument;

(2) in the case of stamped paper on which no instrument has been executed by any of the parties thereto, within six months after the stamp has been spoiled;

(3) in the case of a stamped paper in which an instrument has been executed by any of the parties thereto within six months after the date of the instrument, or, if it is not dated, within six months after the execution thereof by the person by whom it was first or alone executed:

Provided that, _

(a) when the spoiled instrument has been for sufficient reasons sent out of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, the application may be made within six months after it has been received back in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

(b) when, from unavoidable circumstances, any instrument for which another instrument has been substituted cannot be given up to be cancelled within the aforesaid period, the application may be made within six months after the date of execution of the substituted instrument.

 
Allowance in case of printed forms no longer required by corporations.

51. The Director General of Internal Revenue Department or the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) if empowered by the Director General of Internal Revenue Department in this behalf may, without limit of time, make allowance for stamped papers used for printed forms of instruments by any banker or by any incorporated company or other body corporate, if for any sufficient reason such forms have ceased to be required by the said banker, company or body corporate ; provided that he is satisfied that the duty in respect of such stamped papers has been duly paid.


Allowance for misused stamps.

52.(a) When any person has inadvertently used, for 52 an instrument chargeable with duty, a stamp of a description other than that prescribed for such instrument by the rules made under this Act, or a stamp of greater value than was necessary, or has inadvertently used any stamp for an instrument not chargeable with any duty ; or

(b) When any stamp used for an instrument has been inadvertently rendered useless under section 15 owing to such instrument having been written in contravention of the provisions of section 13; the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) may, on an application made within six months after the date of the instrument, or, if it is not dated, within six months after the execution thereof by the person by whom it was first or alone executed, and upon the instrument, if chargeable with duty, being re-stamped with the proper duty, cancel and allow as spoiled the stamp so misused or rendered useless.


Allowance for stamps not required for use.

53. In any case in which allowance is made for spoiled or misused stamps, the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) may give in Lieu thereof _

(a) other stamps of the same description and value ; or,

(b) if required and he thinks fit, stamps of any other description to the same amount in value; or,

(c) at his discretion, the same value in money, deducting ten kyat for one hundred kyat or fraction of one hundred kyat.


Allowance for spoiled or misused stamps how to be made.

54. When any person is possessed of a stamp or stamps which have not been spoiled or rendered unfit or useless for the purpose intended, but for which he has no immediate use, the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) shall repay to such person the value of such stamp or stamps in money, deducting ten kyat for each one hundred kyat or portion of one hundred kyat, upon such person delivering up the same to be cancelled, and proving to the Township Revenue Officer’s (Collector’s) satisfaction _

(a) that such stamp or stamps were purchased by such person with a bona fide intention to use them,

(b) that he has paid the full price thereof, and

(c) that they were so purchased within the period of six months next preceding the date on which they were so delivered :

Provided that, where the person is a licensed vendor of stamps, the Township Revenue Officer(Collector) may, if he thinks fit, make the repayment of the sum actually paid by the vendor without any such deduction as aforesaid,


Allowance on renewal of certain debentures.

55. When any duly stamped debenture is renewed by the issue of a new debenture in the same terms, the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) shall, upon application made within one month, repay to the person issuing such debenture, the value of the stamp on the original or on the new debenture, whichever shall be less :

Provided that the original debenture is produced before the Township Revenue Officer (Collector)and cancelled by him in such manner as the Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government direct.

Explanation . _ A debenture shall be deemed to be renewed in the same terms within the meaning of this section notwithstanding the following changes _

(a) the issue of two or more debentures in place of one original debenture, the total amount secured being the same;

(b) the issue of one debenture in place of two or more original debentures, the total amount secured being the same ;

(c) the substitution of the name of the holder at the time of renewal for the name of the original holder; and

(d) the alteration of the rate of interest or the dates of payment thereof.

CHAPTER VI.
Reference and Revision. Reference and Revision.

Control of and statement of case to the Director General of Internal Revenue Department.

56.(1) The powers exercisable by a Township Revenue Officer (Collector) under Chapter IV and Chapter V and under clause (a) of the first proviso to section 26 shall in all cases be subject to the control of the Director General of Internal Revenue Department.

(2) If any Township Revenue Officer (Collector) , acting under section 31, section 40, or section41 feels doubt as to the amount of duty with which any instrument is chargeable, he may draw up a statement of the case, and refer it with his own opinion thereon, for the decision of the Director General of Internal Revenue Department.

(3) The Director General of Internal Revenue Department shall consider the case and send a copy of his decision to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector), who shall proceed to assess and charge the duty(if any)in conformity with such decision.

 
Statement of case by the Director General of Internal Revenue Department to Supreme Court of the Union.

57.(1) The Director General of Internal Revenue Department may state any case referred to him under section 56, sub-section (2), or otherwise coming to his notice, and refer such case, with his own opinion thereon to the Supreme Court of the Union.

(2) Every such case shall be decided by not less than three judges of the Supreme Court of the Union, and in case of difference the opinion of the majority shall prevail.

 
Power of Supreme Court of the Union to call for further particulars as to case stated. 

58. If the Supreme Court of the Union is not satisfied that the statements contained in the case are sufficient to enable it to determine the questions raised thereby, the Court may refer the case back to the Revenue authority by which it was stated, to make such additions thereto or alterations therein as, the Court may direct in that behalf.

 
Procedure in disposing case stated.

59. (1) The Supreme Court of the Union upon the hearing of any such case, shall decide the questions raised thereby, and shall deliver its judgment thereon containing the grounds on which such decision is founded.

(2) The Court shall send to the Revenue – authority by which the case was stated, a copy of such judgment under the seal of the Court and the signature, of the Registrar; and the Revenue-authority shall, on receiving such copy, dispose of the case conformably to such judgment.


Statement of cases by other Courts to Supreme Court of the Union.

60. (1) If any Court, other than the Supreme Court of the Union, feels doubt as to the amount of duty to be paid in respect of any instrument under proviso(a) to section 35, the judge may draw up a statement of the case and refer it, with his own opinion thereon, for the decision of the Supreme Court of the Union.

(2) The Supreme Court of the Union shall deal with the case as if it had been referred under section 57, and send a copy of its judgment under the seal of the Court and the signature of the Registrar to the Director General of Internal Revenue Department and another like copy to the Judge making the reference, who shall, on receiving such copy, dispose of the case conformably to such judgment.

(3) References made under sub-section (1), when made by a Court subordinate to a District Court, shall be made through the District Court, and when made by any subordinate Revenue Court, shall be made through the Court immediately superior.


Revision of certain decisions of Courts regarding the sufficiency of stamps.

61. (1) When any Court in the exercise of its civil or revenue jurisdiction or any criminal Court in any proceeding under Chapter XII or Chapter XXXVI of the Code of Criminal Procedure, makes, any order admitting any instrument in evidence as duly stamped or as not requiring a stamp, or upon payment of duty and a penalty under section 35, the Court to which appeals lie from, or references are made by, such first-mentioned Court may ,of its own motion or on the application of the Township Revenue Officer (Collector), take such order into consideration.

(2) If such Court after such consideration, is of opinion that such instrument should not have been admitted in evidence without the payment of duty and penalty under section 35,or without the payment of a higher duty and penalty than those paid , it may record a declaration to that effect, and determine the amount of duty with which such instrument is chargeable, and may require any person in whose possession or power such instrument then is to produce the same, and may impound the same when produced.

(3) When any declaration has been accorded under sub-section (2), the Court recording the same shall send a copy thereof to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector), and, where the instrument to which it relates has been impounded or is otherwise in the possession of such Court, shall also send him such instrument.

(4) The Township Revenue Officer (Collector) may thereupon, notwithstanding anything contained in the order admitting such instrument in evidence, or in any certificate granted under section 42 , or in section 43, prosecute any person for any offence against the stamp-law which the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) considers him to have committed in respect of such instrument:

Provided that _

(a) no such prosecution shall be instituted where the amount (including duty and penalty)which, according to the determination of such Court, was payable in respect of the instrument under section 35, is paid to the Township Revenue Officer (Collector), unless he thinks that the offence was committed with an intention of evading payment of the proper duty;

(b) except for the purposes of such prosecution, no declaration made under this section shall affect the validity of any order admitting any instrument in evidence, or of any certificate granted under section 42.

CHAPTER VII.
Criminal Offences and Procedure. Criminal Offences and Procedure.

Penalty executing, etc., instrument not duly stamped.

62.(1) Any person - 

(a) drawing, making, issuing, endorsing or transferring, or signing otherwise than as a witness, or presenting for acceptance or payment or accepting, paying or receiving payment of, or in any manner negotiating, any bill of exchange payable otherwise than on demand or promissory note without the same being duly stamped; or

(b) executing or signing otherwise than as a witness any other instrument chargeable with duty without the same being duly stamped; or

(c) voting or attempting to vote under any proxy not duly stamped; shall for every such offence be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred thousand kyat:

Provided that, when any penalty has been paid in respect of any instrument under section 35, Section 40 or Section 61, the amount of such penalty shall be allowed in reduction of the fine (if any) subsequently imposed under this section in respect of the same instrument upon the person who paid such penalty.

(2) If a share – warrant is issued without being duly stamped, the company issuing the same, and also every person who, at the time when it is issued, is the managing Director or Secretary or other principal officer of the company, shall be punishable with fine which may extend one hundred thousand kyat. _

Penalty for failure to cancel adhesive stamp.

63. Any person required by section 12 to cancel an adhesive stamp, and failing to cancel such stamp in manner prescribed by that section, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred thousand kyat.


Penalty for omission to comply with provision of section 27.

64. Any person who, with intent to defraud the Government _

(a) executes any instrument in which all the facts and circumstances required by Section 27 to be set forth in such instrument are not fully and truly set forth; or ty set forth; or

(b) being employed or concerned in or about the preparation of any instrument, neglects or omits fully and truly to set forth therein all such facts and circumstances; or

(c) does any other act calculated to deprive the Government of any duty or penalty under this Act; shall be punishable with fine which may extend from a minimum of fifty thousand kyat to a maximum of five hundred thousand kyat.


Penalty for refusal to give receipt and for devices to evade duty on receipts.

65. Any person who, -

(a) being required under section 30 to give a receipt, refuses or neglects to give the same; or

(b) with intent to defraud the Government of any duty upon a payment of money of delivery of property exceeding five thousand kyat in amount or value, gives a receipt for an amount or value not exceeding five thousand kyat or separates or divides the money or property paid or delivered; shall be punishable with fine which may extend to twenty thousand kyat.


Penalty for not making out policy, or making one not duly stamped.

66. Any person who _

(a) receives, or takes credit for, any premium or consideration for any contract of insurance and does not, within one month after receiving, or taking credit for, such premium or consideration, make out and execute a duly stamped policy of such insurance; or

(b) makes, executes or delivers out any policy which is not duly stamped, or pays or allows in account, or agrees to pay or allow in account, any money upon, or in respect of, any such; shall be punishable with fine which may extend to thousand kyat.


Penalty for not drawing full number of bills or marine policies purporting to be in sets.

67. Any person drawing or executing a bill of exchange payable otherwise than on demand or a policy of marine insurance purporting to be drawn or executed in a set of two or more, and not at the same time drawing or executing on paper duly stamped the whole number of bills or policies of which such bill or policy purports the set to consist, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to two hundred thousand kyat.


Penalty for postdating bills, and for other devices to defraud the revenue.

68. Any person who ----

(a) with intent to defraud the Government of duty , draws, makes or issues any bill of exchange or promissory note bearing a date subsequent to that on which such bill or note is actually drawn or made; or

(b) knowing that such bill or note has been so post-dated, endorses, transfers, presents for acceptance or payment, or accepts, pays or receives payment of, such bill or note, or in any manner negotiates the same ; or

(c) with the like intent, practices or is concerned in any act, contrivance or device not specially provided for by this Act or any other law for the time being in force; shall be punishable with fine which may extend to two thousand kyat.


Penalty for breach of rule relating to sale of stamps and for unauthorized sale.

69.(a) Any person appointed to sell stamps who disobeys any rule made under section 74, and

(b) Any person not so appointed who sells or offers for sale any stamp other than a ten kyat adhesive stamp; shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one hundred thousand kyat, or with both, and

(c) any person who is in illegal possession of any stamp.


Institution and conduct of prosecutions.

70. (1) No prosecution in respect of any offence punishable under this Act shall be instituted without the sanction of the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) or such other officer as The Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government generally, or theTownship Revenue Officer (Collector) specially, authorizes in that behalf.

(2) The Director General of Internal Revenue Department, or any officer generally or specially, authorized by him in this behalf, may stay any such prosecution or compound any such offence.

(3) The amount of any such composition shall be recoverable in the manner provided by section 48.


Jurisdiction of Magistrates.

71. No Magistrate other than a Magistrate whose powers are not less than those of a Magistrate of the second class shall try any offence under the Act.


Place of trial.

72. Every such offence committed in respect of any instrument may be tried in any district in which such instrument is found as well as in any district** in which such offence might be tried under the Code of Criminal Procedure for the time being in force.

CHAPTER VIII.
Supplementary Provisions. Supplementary Provisions.

Books, etc., to be open to inspection.

73. Every public officer having in his custody any registers, books. records, papers, documents or proceedings, the inspection whereof may tend to secure any duty, or to prove or lead to the discovery of any fraud or omission in relation to any duty, shall at all reasonable times permit any person authorized in writing by the Township Revenue Officer (Collector) to inspect for such purpose the registers, books, papers, documents and proceedings, and to take such notes and extracts as he may deem necessary, without fee or charge.


Powers to make rules relating to sale of stamps.

74. The Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government make rules for regulating _

(a) the supply and sale of stamps and stamped papers,

(b) the persons by whom alone such sale is to be conducted and

(c) the duties and remuneration of such persons :

Provided that such rules shall not restrict the sale of ten kyat adhesive stamps.


Power to make rules generally to carry out Act.

75. The Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government make rules to carry out generally the purpose of this Act, and may by such rules prescribe the fines, which shall in no case exceed one hundred thousand kyat, to be incurred on breach thereof.


Publication of rules.

76. (1) All rules made under this Act shall be published in the Gazette. 

(2) All rules published as required by this section shall, upon such publication; have effect as if enacted by this Act,


Delegation of certain powers.

76 A. The Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government, by notification in the Gazette, delegate -

(a) all or any of the powers conferred on him by sections 2 (9); 33 (3) (b), 70 (I), 74 and 78 to The Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government; and

(b) all or any of the powers conferred on The Ministry of Finance may, with the approval of the Union Government by section 45 (1) (2), 56 (1) and 70(2) to such subordinate Revenue authority as may be specified in the notification.

77. Nothing in this Act contained shall be deemed to affect the duties chargeable under any enactment for the time being in force relating to court-fees.

78. *

79. [ Repealed by Act X of 1914. ]